Journal: Animal Cells and Systems

Article Title: Comparative immunologic profiling of mRNA and protein-conjugated vaccines: acute inflammatory responses and anti-PEG antibody production

doi: 10.1080/19768354.2025.2510984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adverse reactions reported 7 days after the administration of the mRNA and conventional vaccines. Percentages of participants with adverse reactions observed 7 days after administering messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) and the conventional protein conjugate vaccine (meningococcal vaccine). Sixty participants were divided into the test (n = 50) and control groups (n = 10). (A) Percentage of local events (pain at the injection site, redness, and swelling). (B) Percentage of systemic events (fever, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, and chills). CON, Meningococcal protein conjugate vaccine (Menveo) immunized group; TEST, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) immunized group.

Article Snippet: The test group included 22 males and 28 females (mean age: 40.36 ± 2.1 years) who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273), whereas the control group included 6 males and 4 females (mean age: 22.8 ± 1.1 years) who received Menveo® (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA) (Supplementary Table 1), which is a meningococcal (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197 conjugate vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA).

Techniques: Vaccines, Control, Injection

Journal: Animal Cells and Systems

Article Title: Comparative immunologic profiling of mRNA and protein-conjugated vaccines: acute inflammatory responses and anti-PEG antibody production

doi: 10.1080/19768354.2025.2510984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hematological and serological parameters distribution and median values for mRNA and protein vaccine groups. The analysis used EDTA blood and serum samples from 60 healthy participants before and 3 and 7 days after vaccination who were divided into a test (n = 50) and control group (n = 10). CON, Meningococcal protein conjugate vaccine (Menveo) immunized group; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; TEST, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) immunized group. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for comparisons between groups (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs CON). Analyses were performed using SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Article Snippet: The test group included 22 males and 28 females (mean age: 40.36 ± 2.1 years) who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273), whereas the control group included 6 males and 4 females (mean age: 22.8 ± 1.1 years) who received Menveo® (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA) (Supplementary Table 1), which is a meningococcal (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197 conjugate vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Animal Cells and Systems

Article Title: Comparative immunologic profiling of mRNA and protein-conjugated vaccines: acute inflammatory responses and anti-PEG antibody production

doi: 10.1080/19768354.2025.2510984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hematological and serological parameter distributions and median values based on reported symptoms of mRNA and conventional vaccine recipients. The analysis used EDTA blood and serum samples from 60 healthy participants before vaccination and 3 and 7 days after vaccination. The 60 participants were divided into test (n = 50) and control groups (n = 10), and the test group (n = 50) was divided into Grade 1 (n = 25) and Grade 2 (n = 25) according to the severity of AEs. TEST (Grade 1), COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) immunized group with mild or no AEs; TEST (Grade 2), COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) immunized group with moderate AEs; CON, Meningococcal protein conjugate vaccine (Menveo) immunized groups. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; AEs, adverse events. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test for comparisons between groups (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 vs Grade 1). Analyses were performed using SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Article Snippet: The test group included 22 males and 28 females (mean age: 40.36 ± 2.1 years) who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273), whereas the control group included 6 males and 4 females (mean age: 22.8 ± 1.1 years) who received Menveo® (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA) (Supplementary Table 1), which is a meningococcal (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197 conjugate vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Animal Cells and Systems

Article Title: Comparative immunologic profiling of mRNA and protein-conjugated vaccines: acute inflammatory responses and anti-PEG antibody production

doi: 10.1080/19768354.2025.2510984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between adverse events and anti-PEG antibodies. (A and B) Comparison of plasma anti-PEG IgG and IgM levels before (0 d) and after (3 and 7 d) administering mRNA vaccines (COVID-19) and the conventional protein conjugate vaccine (meningococcal vaccine). The anti-PEG levels at 3 d and 7 d are expressed as the fold normalized to the level at 0 d. Sixty participants were divided into the test (n = 50) and control groups (n = 10). (C and D) Relationship between the fold change of anti-PEG IgG detected at 3 d and the severity score of AEs. (E and F) Relationship between the fold change of anti-PEG IgM detected at 7 d and the severity score of AEs. Con, Meningococcal protein conjugate vaccine (Menveo) immunized group; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Ig, immunoglobulin; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; PEG, polyethylene glycol; Test, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) immunized group; AEs, adverse events.

Article Snippet: The test group included 22 males and 28 females (mean age: 40.36 ± 2.1 years) who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273), whereas the control group included 6 males and 4 females (mean age: 22.8 ± 1.1 years) who received Menveo® (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA) (Supplementary Table 1), which is a meningococcal (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197 conjugate vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA).

Techniques: Comparison, Clinical Proteomics, Vaccines, Control

Journal: Animal Cells and Systems

Article Title: Comparative immunologic profiling of mRNA and protein-conjugated vaccines: acute inflammatory responses and anti-PEG antibody production

doi: 10.1080/19768354.2025.2510984

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of differentially expressed proteins between the mRNA vaccine and protein-conjugate vaccine groups. Proteome analysis was performed using LC-MS, and the proteomic profile was statistically analyzed using bioinformatics. Plasma samples were obtained prior to vaccination and on Days 3 and 7 following the vaccination. For statistical significance, study participants from the test group were chosen based on their age, specifically those under 35 years of age. To identify the significantly different proteins between the mRNA and protein vaccine groups, the Kruskall – Wallis test was employed using R, and the p -value was adjusted using BH FDR. C9, Complement component C9; CFB, Complement factor B; CON, Meningococcal protein conjugate vaccine (Menveo) immunized group (n = 10); COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; FDR, false discovery rate; HP, Haptoglobin; LBP, Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; LRG1, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid. C1R, Complement C1r subcomponent; ORM1, Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; SAA1, Serum amyloid A-1 protein; SAA2, Serum amyloid A-2 protein; TEST, COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) immunized participants under the age of 35 ( n = 25).

Article Snippet: The test group included 22 males and 28 females (mean age: 40.36 ± 2.1 years) who received the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273), whereas the control group included 6 males and 4 females (mean age: 22.8 ± 1.1 years) who received Menveo® (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA) (Supplementary Table 1), which is a meningococcal (groups A, C, Y, and W-135) oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197 conjugate vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA).

Techniques: Comparison, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Clinical Proteomics, Binding Assay, Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry